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Irrigation and injection needles, tips and tubes, for introducing fluid.Suction tips and tubes, for removal of bodily fluids.Dilators and speculae, for access to narrow passages or incisions.Mechanical cutters (scalpels, lancets, drill bits, rasps, trocars, etc.).Distractors, positioners and stereotactic devices.Retractors, used to spread open skin, ribs and other tissue.Clamps and occluders for blood vessels and other organs.Graspers, especially tweezers and forceps.There are several classes of surgical instruments: The expression surgical instrumentation is somewhat interchangeably used with surgical instruments, but its meaning in medical jargon is really the activity of providing assistance to a surgeon with the proper handling of surgical instruments during an operation, by a specialized professional, usually a nurse. Accordingly, the nomenclature of surgical instruments follows certain patterns, such as a description of the action it performs (for example, scalpel, hemostat), the name of its inventor(s) (for example, the Kocher forceps), or a compound scientific name related to the kind of surgery (for example, tracheotome).

Along time, many different kinds of surgical instruments and tools have been invented, some of them of a more general character, others designed for a specific type of surgery. A surgical instrument is a specially designed tool or device for performing specific actions of carrying out desired effects during a surgery or operation, such as modifying biological tissue or to provide access or view it.